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On our second day in Rome we visited the Vatican. The ornate texture of the place is grand in it's vastness and caused sensory overload. The art work contained therein can vault one back in time to feel like a part of the history that produced it. As I said yesterday, pictures hardly do this place justice. As I stood beneath the glorious canvass of the Sistine Chapel, I was overwhelmed with the beauty of it all. It was later in St Peter's Basilica that Michelangelo's Pieta caused me to pause and consider the cost of discipleship.
We had a guide named Ann from Through Eternity Tours that did a fabulous job giving insight into the history of all we saw. Her commentary kept all interested and I would definitely recommend her services to anyone making the trek to the Vatican. After the Vatican, we stopped by the gelato place outside the walls that Ann recommended and four 5 euros Christiene and I indulged in the best and biggest gelato cone we'd ever had. It's worth the 30 minute trek back for more.
Here are the pictures we took yesterday. I created a new "Rome Collection" on Flickr.
If you are ever at the Vatican, walk the Copola!
"This is intended solely as a descriptive, handout-style breakdown of different sorts of ecclesiology within the broad spectrum of the Christian tradition. As such it clearly is not accurate on the micro level. Any and all typologies are, in my opinion extremely dangerous. However, if they help in facilitating the theological task at points, then perhaps they ought not be done away with.
From my perspective there are two basic polarities which define the shape of a given ecclesiology. The first is what I term the High-Low polarity, the second I refer to as the Strong-Weak polarity. Within this framework any given ecclesial body could potentially fall in one of four categories, High-Strong, High-Weak, Low-Strong, and Low-Weak. Here are my descriptors of these categories and my attending attempt to put various Christian ecclesial bodies in their proper place. I am sure there will be inaccuracies here based upon my own ecclesial experiences, familiarities and limitations. So, please correct me if you are so inclined. It will help greatly my final development of this typology.
Types:
High Church Ecclesiology: High view of church history and tradition. Emphasizes the liturgy and above all the Eucharist. Churches are generally structured episcopally (i.e. through a hierarchy of bishops who stand in communion with each other). Emphasizes salvation as membership in the church through participation in the sacraments. Generally holds to infant baptism. Close connection between baptism and initiation into the broad community of faith."
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Well, it is two weeks and counting till the wife and I (that's right, no kids) head off to Europe for a cruise. We will be in Rome for four days, then board a Regent Cruise ship for six nights, touring the Mediterranean to such places as Pompeii, Naxos, Ephesus, and Santorini. Here is the kicker. The vacation is an incentive for hitting my sales numbers last year. Being part of a large software company has its perks. Our company has the whole ship with special programming for this cruise. I am stoked and looking forward to this time as a significant spiritual experience as we walk the same cobbled streets as St Paul and the early Christians did.
We are only on the hook for our accommodation in Rome, the Roma Pass, Vatican Tour, and Early Christianity and Catacombs tour. Trip Advisor gives the tour company the best rating for the quality of commentary. Word has it that scholars and classical historians guide the tour.
I will (time permitting) be blogging on the trip and hosting pictures to my Flickr Account.
Does anybody have any recommendations for us on what to see?
Out of blogging silence I could not resist posting the following guest-article about peace by Scott Stephens, found at Ben Meyer's blog today. It is nothing short of prophetic and quite nicely pulls back the veneer that hides the fallacy of a worldly understanding of peace that is in conflict with the essence of the gospel.
A guest-post by Scott Stephens
Peace
is one of the most deceptive terms in public discourse. Consequently,
it is not at all clear to me that people know what they are referring
to when they talk about
peace.
Take the current political climate: peace most commonly refers to not
having been part of the invasion of Iraq in the first place, or now
getting the hell out of Iraq and thus bringing an end to our part in
this bloody war. When it comes to Iraq itself, the West’s dreams of
peace are for an end to sectarian violence and the emergence of some
kind of nascent democratic society. And yet even at this point things
are not what they seem.
Notice, for instance, that the recommendations coming out of the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) have increasingly stressed the importance of the creation of low-wage employment for Iraqi youths (who comprise over sixty percent of the population). The rationale is: get them spending all their time working and saving for clothes, leisure activities or a new iPod and they won’t have either the energy or the motivation to kill other Iraqis. What I find remarkable about this is not just that the grand American rhetoric of ‘bringing freedom to Iraq’ is reduced to the more banal image of adolescent Iraqis flipping falafels at some street vendor in Baghdad. It is the way that this image reflects back to Western democratic societies its fantasies of what peaceful existence looks like. Let me explain what I mean.
The fundamental delusion
that rationalised America’s invasion of Iraq was the belief that, once
set free from the grasp of a maniacal tyrant, Iraqis would
spontaneously
adopt
recognisably democratic forms of social life. In other words, they
believed that beneath the skin we are all American, and that the
longing for freedom, peace and the advantages of the free market run
deep in the human soul. The reality of the situation, however, was that
deposing Saddam Hussein opened the gates of hell. As George Packer
wrote in The Assassins’ Gate, ‘Iraq without the lid of totalitarianism clamped down has become a place of roiling and contending ethnic claims’.
This state of affairs should have come as no surprise, for the chaos to which the nation reverted post-Saddam was anticipated in King Faisal’s chilling description of his own people in 1933: they are, he said, ‘unimaginable masses of human beings devoid of any patriotic ideas, imbued with religious traditions and absurdities, connected by no common tie, giving ear to evil, prone to anarchy and perpetually ready to rise against any government whatsoever’. Far from releasing Iraqis from the terror of the Ba’athist régime so that some repressed longing for peace could bloom, the American invasion exposed the inherent violence and sheer bloodlust that had been held in check for four decades.
My point here is not to try to exaggerate the violent nature of the Iraqi people, but rather to call into question the widespread belief that peaceableness is a quality that underlies the human condition, which is allowed to surface whenever the external determinants of tyranny or extremism are removed. Is it not rather that human beings partake in a violence so profound that it dwarfs even the most aggressive mammalian behaviour? And are humans not remarkable for their natural incapacity to organize themselves peacefully? These were the observations that troubled Thomas Hobbes, whose immense political theology stemmed from the conviction ‘that during the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called warre; and such a warre, as is of every man, against every man.’ War, for Hobbes, is not an exceptional state of mass violence that interrupts a more fundamental tranquillity. War is the human condition itself.
(I have to admit that I like Stephen King’s variation on this same theme. In one of his more gruesome novels, Cell, there is a kind of electromagnetic ‘Pulse’ that is transmitted through mobile phones, which seemingly produces uncontrollable aggression in its recipients. As the book progresses, though, it is revealed that the Pulse didn’t introduce or generate this bloodthirsty animalism; it simply wiped away the veneer of human civility, exposing – to use Carl Jung’s phrase – our more fundamental ‘blood-consciousness’. Here’s how one character explains it to his companions: ‘At bottom, you see, we are not Homo sapiens at all. Our core is madness. The prime directive is murder. What Darwin was too polite to say, my friends, is that we came to rule the earth not because we were the smartest, or even the meanest, but because we have always been the craziest, most murderous motherfuckers in the jungle. And that is what the Pulse exposed five days ago.’)
What then of the so-called ‘peace’ enjoyed and promoted by democratic societies? Isn’t it apparent from the Pax Americana that now holds sway – whether at home or abroad – that such peace has become little more than an obsession with the trivial, a benevolent boredom, or worst of all, the inalienable right to excess? It acts, in other words, like a palliative, a form of cultural sedation aimed at distracting us from our violent predisposition, all the while satisfying our bloodlust through vicarious means (television, movies, sport, etc.).
I think it is important at this point to register
the extent of my disagreement with Stanley Hauerwas, someone I
otherwise greatly respect, on just this question of the substance and
character of peace. For all his notorious anti-American rhetoric, it
seems
to me that on this very point he remains an unreconstructed ‘good ol’
boy’, and his ethical program is perfectly at home within the greater Pax Americana.
I have already suggested that the conception of peace as a deeper (ontological) reality than violence – a concept that is fundamental for Hauerwas, John Milbank and David Bentley Hart – is theologically problematic and ethically impotent. But it is the way that Hauerwas characterises a life narrated by nonviolence as one of profound boredom, marked by the willingness to enjoy the trivial (he often likens the life committed to nonviolence to watching baseball) that I find deeply problematic. For he seems thereby to have accepted in advance the price to be paid for becoming a beneficiary of this idolatrous peace: that we abandon any kind of moral seriousness, renounce every ‘higher’ cause – such a subordination of one’s life to the state, party or cause, Hauerwas says, ‘is the character of totalitarian regimes’.
At this point, isn’t Hauerwas pandering directly to the American obsession with leisure? And further, is this depiction of the ethical life as one which ‘takes time for the trivial’ not an uncanny reiteration of George W. Bush’s urging of people to fight terrorism by continuing to indulge in the excesses of the American way of life? Hauerwas thus unwittingly confirms the accuracy of Slavoj Žižek’s recent observation, that ‘the split between the First and Third World runs increasingly along the lines of an opposition between leading a long, satisfying life full of material and cultural wealth, and dedicating one’s life to some transcendent cause. We in the West are immersed in stupid daily pleasures, while Muslim radicals are ready to risk everything.’
Perhaps
now, more than ever, it is important to be reminded of Jesus’ words,
which war against this pseudo-peace – whether the bloody
peace-through-submission of the Pax Romana, or the indolent peace-through-sedation of our current Pax
Americana:
‘Do you think that I have come to bring peace to the earth? No, I tell
you, but rather division!’ The intense conflict introduced by Jesus and
radicalised in his resurrection, cuts through every organic or ethnic
tie (family, nation, gender), leaving those who follow him alone and
unprotected in a world determined by self-interest. The apostle Paul
goes even further, locating this conflict at the level of the
Dawkinsian ‘selfish genes’ themselves – his term for which is ‘flesh’.
If there is any peace recognized by Christianity, it is this experience
of being profoundly disconnected within a world that knows only
violence.
But today, the Church has traded peace for leisure, whoring after the trinkets of our pleasure economy and abandoning its calling to risk everything for the sake of Christ’s kingdom. Our Easter declaration that ‘Jesus is Lord’ is a manifesto for the only peace that really counts. Will we have ears to hear?
I have been far too busy to blog lately because life is taking its toll on me from all angles. One thing I have tried to keep up is meeting for lunches downtown with friends who church plant and are involved in the missional conversation. This has been a source of life for me in the absence of time to blog.
One topic we have bantered about lately is that of vision. There is much talk about vision in churches and so much of it is good and some needs to be questioned. What I perhaps question most is the type of vision that is based more on models of commerce. Many critique this as it often leads down roads of church growth strategies that are concerned most about growing numerically through a repeatable and controllable process. But is biblical vision about that?
In conversation with my friend Anthony, he put me onto the idea of vision as vocation rather than a static constant. What I mean by static constant, is that if a church's vision, for example, is to grow to 10000 people, the unswerving pursuit of that vision can often lead to a lack of openness to the spirit's direction for a body as their life together unfolds. The desire may be a noble one that seeks the Kingdom, but it may not be the specific direction or goal for that church as discerned through the circumstance of their life and the Spirit's presence. Vision as vocation, on the other hand is a buy-in into the macro promise of the covenant God to restore all things. Vocational vision can be understood as a communal resolve that we are a pilgrim people, traveling through time with the Spirit, as we implement and participate in the redemptive action of God to restore all things. What that looks like in a local context needs to be teased out and discovered through relationship to the Spirit in a posture of listening. It is not controllable, but is is discoverable. As we only have the creative visions of scripture that give language to this redemptive hope, it comes to be for us through a process of improvisation (thanks NT).
The above should lead us to consider that perhaps vision is an incremental endeavor. If we have a vocational vision that includes an openness and attentiveness to the Spirit from a macro perspective, then we can trust that direction will be reveled incrementally as we travel through time with God. What is more, the vision discovered will be an impulse by the Spirit that is intertwined with the communities wrestling match with God. Discovering God in the midst of our circumstances (faithful and unfaithful) as we walk through the good and bad consequences of our life together is the playground for discovering our next steps toward God in this life. What grounds this for me is Israel's journey through the wilderness. There was only enough guidance for the next few steps of their life alongside their vocational vision/hope for the promised land. Are we willing to take the route they did? Perhaps not for us, but for God, this seems the preferred place he would have us. Strikingly, it is not a place of efficiency, strength, and pride, but a place of weakness, humility, and powerlessness where the only walking we do is with a limp.
This leads me to wonder if each church vision should not begin with a resounding "For now..." as they seek to discern each step along the journey.
What do you think?
The other day we had a discussion in our mission group about Exodus 33. If you recall, this is "post-golden-calf" idolatry and God wants to send Moses and the Israelites into the promised land without His presence (v 1-3) for fear he might kill them. What we see is that the covenant relationship between God and the Israelites is seriously strained and the affects are visible in both God's disappointment and anger, and Israel's distress at the fear of losing His provision. Moses has none of it and what ensues in the dialogue between them is nothing short of a passionate, very personal exchange. This passage illuminates the very personhood of God and is rife with emotion. What is more, we see in God an initiative to love, and in Israel and opportunity to reciprocate with faithfulness. Verse 11 mentions that "the Lord would speak with Moses face to face, as a man speak with his friend."Bradley P. Holt: Thirsty For God: A Brief History Of Christian Spirituality
Darrell L. Guder: The Incarnation and the Church's Witness (Christian Mission and Modern Culture)
Walter Brueggemann: Texts Under Negotiation: The Bible and Postmodern Imagination
Alan J. Roxburgh: Reaching a New Generation: Strategies for Tomorrow's Church
Alan Kreider : Change of Conversion and the Origin of Christendom
Rodney Clapp: A Peculiar People: The Church As Culture in a Post-Christian Society
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